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Elements of fluids statics; density; pressure, surface tension,
viscosity, compressibility, etc
Hydrostatic forces on submerged surfaces due to incompressible
fluid. Introduction to fluid dynamics - conversion
laws. Introduction to viscous flow.
Rural and industrial environments and sociology. Communication
methods and extension education. Type and
nature of agricultural and Engineering products. Patent
law. Marketing of Agricultural and Engineering products
to end users. Roles of Engineering extension officers
in the private and public sector.
Fundamentals of design process, material selection,
building regulations and code of practice. Design philosophy,
elastic design, limit state design. Design of
structural elements in steel and reinforced concrete, timber
and timber connectors.
Descriptive statistics: Mean, median, mode, charts and
frequency distribution curve. Probability distributionnormal
distribution, Binomial distribution. Linear and
multiple regressions, correlations, Analysis of Variance
and degree of confidence. Interpretation of statistical
results and interferencing. Statistical models, Computer
applications in statistics.
Introduction to agricultural engineering profession.
Identification of various tractors and implements.
Tractors driving and test. Use of tractor for various field
operations.
Fluids properties. Fluid statics. Fluid motion: Continuity,
Bernoulli, energy, momentum equations. Reynolds
number. Laminar and turbulent flows. Pipe flow. Open
channel flow. Weirs, flumes, pumps, turbines, outlets,
gates, valves.
Hydrologic cycle. Solar and earth radiation. Precipitation.
Evapotransiration, Infiltration. Rainfall-runoff over
agricultural land. Stream gauging. Hydrographs. Stream
flow routing. Groundwater hydraulics. Watershed
management. Flood control.
Force and motion relationships in constrained mechanisms
Analysis of cam, gear, linkage, belt drive and
chain drive systems for motion and power transmission.
Vehicular mechanics: brake and clutch systems. Kinetics
of rotating and reciprocating masses. Elements of
vibratory systems.
Measurement of distances. Use of minor
instruments, Random errors. Chain surveying. Bearing
of lines. Leveling. Topographic surveys. Traversing.
Theodolite traversing. Plane table surveying. Triangulation.
Land shaping and earthwork.
AGE328: MACHINE DRAWING & DESIGN
Part assembly.
Detailed drawing of machine components.
Sketching and use of standards: design features,
symbols, screws, fasteners, couplings, clutches, gears.
Machine component design Work.
AGE336: SOIL MECHANICS
phase relationships, classification of engineering soil.
Pore water in soils, flow of water in soils. Shearing resistance,
stresses in soil from external loading. Site investigation
and sampling.
Introduction to fmodeling, Different types of modeling
eg mechanistic, stoichastic and analog. Introduction to
fortran language. Application of fortran language to
basic Engineering problems. Projects
Principles of effective communication. Professional use
of the English language. Principles of technical writing.
Oral presentation of technical ideas.
Properties and characteristics of Agric. Materials. Physical,
mechanical, Rheological, and thermal properties of
agricultural materials. Newtonian and non-Newtonian
fluids. Handling methods. Design and construction of
appropriate material handling equipment for tropical
products. Economics of material handling.
Soil as continuum. Water retention in soils. Determination
of soil moisture, soil suction, soil moisture characteristic
curve, Water movement in the soil, Darcy’s law,
Poiseuilles law, Laplace equation, Laboraory and field
methods of determining Hydraulic conductivity, Infiltration,
determination of infiltration rate of a soil. Field
capacity. Bulk density, permanent wilting point, surface
tension, evaporation, evapotranspiration and its determination.
Water requirements in the soil, saturated and
unsaturated flows. Factors influencing flow of water in
the soil, isotropic and anisopropic soils, Dupuit and
Forcheimer assumptions and flow equation. Steady and
unsteady flow with and without recharge. Constant head
permeameter and falling head permeameters, single and
double auger hole. Drainage equations.
Farmstead planning and layout, Environmental and
structural requirements of crops and livestock, planning
of plant and livestock houses, storage and stores. Design
of structural members. Waste and sewage disposal.
Livestock housing, storage structures for grains. Specifications
and selection of farm building materials. Environmental
control for plants and livestock. Use of psychometric
charts.
Electrical codes, tariffs and regulations. Generation and
transmission of electricity, Farmstead distribution systems.
Testing procedure. Power factor correction. Selection
and use of electric motors. Transformers. Energy
conversion. Application of electricity to handling, processing
and storage of agricultural products. Basic electronic
application to farm electrical processes.
Farm power sources. Selection and management of farm
tractors and equipments. Force analysis and crop production
equipment. Adjustment, maintenance, and repair
of farm tractors and equipment.
Basic concepts. Factors of production. Supply and demand.
Price. Elasticity analysis. Household behaviour
theories. Business organisation. Production, the market.
Income. Employment classical, non-classical and
keynessian approaches, Money. Expenditure. Taxation.
Budget. International trade.
Principles of Management. Industrial group and
organisational behavior. Motivation. Industrial Law,
legislation on wages, trade marks and patents. Law of
contract an sale of goods. Liability for industrial injuries.
Industrial relations. Trade unions, employer association,
wage bargaining and the role of the state.
Individual student projects to deepen knowledge,
strengthen practical experience and encourage creativity
and independent work. The project ends in a comprehensive
written report.
A student is expected to write a report on an approved
topic in agricultural engineering. The student is afterwards
asked to discuss the content of his project.
Nature and objectives of agricultural mechanisation.
Factors affecting agricultural mechanisation in the tropics.
Analysis of production systems. Agricultural
mechanisation is a strategy for rural development. Impact
on food production and on Infrastructural development.
Linkages with rural industrialization. Cases
studies of selected farms.
Force analysis and design consideration of various farm
machinery. Hitching methods. Power requirement for
operating farm equipment and machines. Operation and
maintenance of various farm machinery. Field evaluation.
Criteria for replacement.
Nature of soil. Rainfall and runoff. Erosion process and
problems. Types of erosion, Erosivity and erodibility.
Control of water erosion. Universal soil loss equation,
wind erosion and its control. Soil capability classification
and its use in erosion control. Desertification and
control. Earth dams and farm ponds.
Farm roads. Farm transportation system. Development
and construction of farm transport equipment. Farm
transport systems standards and specifications. Ergonomics.
Land resources and Land Use-Act in relation to Nigerian
Agriculture. Objectives, methods and equipment
for land clearing and development. Machinery selection,
mechanics of operation and vegetation types. Land reclamation.
Earth moving machinery and earthmoving
mechanics.
Three dimensional stress and strain. Theories of failure.
Stress concentration. Moments and products of inertia
and area. Mohr’s strain an inertia circles. Unsymmetrical
bending, shear centre. Curved beams.
Thermodynamics of gases, vapour and reactive and non
reactive mixture. Process relations. Concepts of equilibrium,
reversibility and irreversibility
Farm power sources. Farm tractor selection, use, and
maintenance. Other power sources: selection, use, and
maintenance. Hitches and hitch systems. Design consideration
of single-axle, two wheel drive four wheel
drive and crawler tractors. Tractors mechanics. Power
Measurement. Fluid controls. Ergonomics. Tractor testing
and test codes.
Machine design processes and procedures, Materials of
construction, selection, strength properties, stress analysis,
costing Design of machine elements. Machine fabrication.
Typical design of low cost agricultural machinery.
Problems and prospects of agricultural machinery
development and commercial manufacturer in Nigeria.
Integrated
approach to machinery usage and agricultural production
sequence. Equipment selection, scheduling of operation,
seasonality factor. Machinery management.
Machinery ownership and financing. Gross margin
analysis. Optimization of machinery input combinations.
Management of farm enterprise. Case studies.
Fundamentals of solar radiation.
Solar heating and cooling. Heat transfer. Solar energy
conversion efficiency. Principles of solar collectors.
Solar heat storage and storage systems for tropical
crops.
Physical, mechanical, rheological and thermal properties
of agricultural materials. Newtonian and Non-
Newtonian fluids. Handling methods. Design and construction
of appropriate materials handling equipment
for tropical products. Economics o materials handling.
Crop drying. Crop storage. Processing techniques- cleaning,
sorting, grading and separation; principles, techniques
and machine. Combination particle size analysis,
heat treatment, dehydration and drying, Psychometrics,
Storage types and environment. Deterioration of
procedure in storage contamination. Design of grain storage
structures. Environmental control in storage.
Definition, Heat and mass transfer. Insulation. Heat exchanges-
design and applications. Heat and cold preservation
of foods, food packaging. Food quality control.
Principles and design of food equipment.
Review of relevant hydraulic theories. Design of open
channels. Water flow measurements. Irrigation systems,
surface, sprinkler and trickle. Design of irrigation systems.
Irrigation determinants. Water conveyances – Canals,
Canal structures, close conduits seepage in canals.
Water hammer in close conduits. Irrigation water management.
Health problems in irrigated agriculture.
Factors affecting efficient farm water management. Review
of relevant hydraulic theories. Design of irrigation
structures. Design of soil conservation structures.
Effect of poor drainage on plants and soil, surface drainage,
sub surface drainage equations. Envelop material
and their design, Drainage pumping, construction and
installation of drains, maintenance of drains, mole
drains, tile drains plastic drains,. Drainage machinery.
Saline and alkali soils. Reclamation of saline and alkali
soils, Cat clays. Reclamation of cat clays.
Uses of water. Sources of water, water quality for various
uses. Portable irrigation, leaching. Biochemical oxygen
demand, water borne diseases, water impurities and
treatment. Water lifting devices, conveyance and distribution,
pipe types and sizes. Galvanic corrosion in pipes,
waste disposal in rural communities, conveyance, treatment
and disposal of sewage from rural homes, septic
tanks design and construction. Sewerage and waste
water treatment and uses.
AGE575: ADVANCED HYDRAULIC
Pipe flow. Pipes in parallel and in series. Branched pipes.
Simple pipe network. Water hammer. Hardy cross
method of water distribution. Open channel flow. Channel
transition and control. Hydraulics jump. Backwater
curves. Dimension analysis and similitude. Reservoir
hydraulics and planning, High pressure outlets, gates,
valves.
Stresses in soils, settlement, consolidation, compaction,
CBR and soil improvement. Stability of slopes. Earth
pressure analysis. Bearing capacity and settlement analysis
of shallow and deep foundations. Design of footings,
foundation, retaining walls.
Engineering analysis of environmental control requirements
and systems design for Agricultural production.
Design and operation of solid waste collection, disposal
and utilization systems. Review of appropriate State and
Federal regulations.
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