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Rocks and minerals: origin, distribution, diagnostic
features and classification. Energy and water
resources. Introduction to geophysical prospecting
methods. Interpretation of geophysical data. Characteristics
of the earth’s atmosphere. Atmospheric
variables and methods of measurement. Weather systems
and forecasting. Climate and climatic change.
Development of mining technology. Stages in the life
of a mine. Unit operations in mining. Mining and its
consequences. Government influence and regulations.
.
Safety in engineering and introduction to risk
analysis. The role of engineers in nation building. Invited
lectures by professionals in practice.
Second Year Good Standing
Theodolite – types of theodolite, construction,
adjustment and precautions. Measurement
of areas and volumes, use of planimeter. Control measurements.
Calculation of co-ordinates. Theory of
errors in surveying. Chain compasses theodolite surveys.
Triangulation. Level transit and measurement.
Application of leveling to topographical mapping.
Concept of Photogrammetry.
Unique difference between mining
theodolite and land surveying theodolite. Surveying in
open cast mines – building and construction of an open
cast deposit, calculation for drilling, blasting, excavation,
transport operations and drainage. Mine survey
control in support and stability of slopes in quarry/open
pit mines. Factors affecting stability and deformation
of slopes in quarry or open pit mines. Methods of
calculation of angle of slope in quarry or open pit
mines. Surveying in underground mine systems – control
on industrial layout of underground deposits. Construction
of shaft and shaft lift; mine survey work on
contact with mineral surface (lava). Geometrical projections
of mine rocks and other mine features. Geometrical
classification of industrial and non-industrial
mineral deposit. Parameters of mineral reserve estimation
and methods of quantifying mineral reserve.
Concept of displacement in underground mining zone.
Process of displacement of mine rooks/earth surface.
Basic understanding and parameters that characterize
the process of rock/earth/displacement. Factors
affecting rock displacement in mineral deposit. Mine
survey control on displacement of mine rock/earth
surface. Application of Photogrammetry in mining.
Computer application in mineral industry. Field work.
Pre-requisites IMC 101, 103, 104 (MNE 302 – for Mining
Engineers only).
Structures and textures of Mineral and their significance
in Mineral genesis and treatment
Ore analysis: Qualitative and quantitative assaying
and mineralogical analysis.
Basic Comminution theory, Comminution and liberation Particle sizing: sizing by screening, sizing by classification,
particle size analysis Mineral concentration
techniques e.g: Heavy medium separation, magnetic
and other separation techniques including the physical
and mechanical processes of agglomeration. Preparation
of Metallurgical mass balance: recovery and
metallurgical losses.
Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme
Design
of surface mining systems with emphasis on minimization
of adverse environmental impact and maximization
of efficient use of mineral resources. Surface excavation.
Ore estimates, grade control, short and long
range planning, unit operations, equipment selection,
cost estimation, slope stability and placer mining operation.
Ore handling equipment. Case studies of
typical surface mines: coal, metallic and non-metallic
mines. One or more field trips to operating mines
scheduled.
Rock characteristics affecting drilling - engineering
properties of rock material rock drillability and
blastability. Classification of drilling and penetration
methods. Theories of rock penetration. Rotary, percussive,
rotary-percussive and thermal drilling. Drill
bits and their applications. Diamond drilling and ore
recovery. Basic parameters affecting bench drillingbench
height, burden, spacing and drilling pattern.
Choice of drilling equipment. Definition of explosives.
Brief history of explosives. Terminology and definition
– velocity of detonation, density, detonation pressure,
sensitivity, strength, and water resistance, fume
characteristics. Properties and classification of explosives
– dynamites, ammonium nitrate and fuel oil
(ANFO). Explosive accessories. Magazine construction.
Blasting methods and practice in surface and
underground mines. Blasting patterns; special blasting
techniques – smooth, presplitting, secondary blasting
procedure. Disturbances created by blasting.
Introduction to Rock Mechanics – Definition of terms
and importance of rock mechanics; field applications in
Mining, Civil and Petroleum Engineering. Classification
and Index properties of rocks – Geological classification
of rocks (crystalline rocks, organic rocks); Porosity
Density; Permeability; Strength: Slaking and Durability:
Sonic velocity as an index to degree of fissuring;
Classification of rock masses for engineering purposes.
Rock strength and Failure Criteria Modes of
failure of rocks Common Laboratory strength tests
(Uniaxial, Triaxial, Brazilian, Flexural tests); Stress-
Strain behaviour in compression; Effect of confining
pressure; The meaning of rock strength; Application
of the complete Stress-Strain curve. The Mohr Coulomb
failure criterion; The effect of water; The influence
of the principal Stress ration on failure; Empirical
criteria of failure; Coulom-Navier criterion of failure
of rocks; Griffith brittle failure Criterion. Elastic properties.
Applications of rock mechanics in engineering
or underground openings. Rock slope stability. Support
systems design and selection – caving and subsidence.
Observation of mass deformations – extensometers
and strain transducers. Case studies.
Selection, design and development of most suitable underground
mining methods based on the physical and
geological properties of mineral deposits. Unsupported
and supported underground mining methods. Conservation
and environmental systems and equipment, conveyors,
cable ropeways and rope haulage, trackless mining
systems, hydraulic transport and pipeline systems.
Calculations of ore reserve estimates, development
planning and preparations for development and extraction,
construction of development openings. Cases
studies of typical underground mines: coal, metallic
and non-metallic. Field trip(s) to operating mines
scheduled.
Techniques for oil/gas well drilling. Drilling rigs: equipment,
hoisting, drill string, casing, drill bits and drill
string design. Circulating system-drilling fluids, drilling
hydraulics. Well head equipment. Drilling and
casing programs. Drilling performance. Offshore drilling
rigs.
Geometry of deformation of mineral rocks. Effects of
temperature pressure on deformation of mineral rocks.
Spatial representation of form and structure of mineral
deposit. Stress-strain relationship in faults; classification
of faults; origin and classification of folds. Graphical/
statistical analysis of mineral properties in a given
deposit. Tectonic destruction; concept and its classification.
Effects on spatial representation of structure,
properties and condition of bedding of mineral deposit.
Classification of mine geometry as a tool for
mine planning.
Fundamentals of mine ventilation. Techniques for the
control of dust, temperature, humidity, gas. Physiological
effects and dangers of poor mine ventilation. Basic
principles of mine ventilation design. Simple calculations
of flow of air through ducts and mine opening.
Equipment selection, instrumentation and air measurements.
Evaluation of efficiency of ventilation systems.
Testing of refrigeration equipment, testing of air-conditioning
equipment, leak detection methods: charging
and other service procedures for refrigeration and airconditioning
systems. Trouble shooting. Construction
of air ducts.
Pre-requisite “ Fourth Year Standing.
Causes and prevention of mine accidents. Mine rescue
procedures. Mine health and safety regulations. Design
of safety systems for typical surface and underground
mines. Basic concepts of systems safety engineering.
Mine health and safety systems.
Essential features of a machine: gears, shaft bearings,
couplings etc. Construction and application of wire
rope used in mine machinery. Care of ropes. Lubricants
for mine machinery. Surface mine Machinery:
Power shovel, front-end-loaders, dragline, hydraulic
excavators, bucket wheel excavators, bucket change
excavators, rippers, scrapers and bulldozers. Dredge
monitors and gravel pumps, sluice boxes, dump
trucks. Underground mine machinery: Loaders – gathering
arm loaders, bucket type loaders, front-end-loaders,
and load-and slushier hoist. Transports: locomotives-
battery, trolley wire and diesel conveyor belts
haulage trucks, rope haulage-direct and endless rope.
Hosting, Types of pumps and their application.
Pumps characteristics compressors-reciprocating and
rotary types, characteristic s and choice of compressors.
Designs of: Surface mine excavation methods, drilling
methods and blasting patterns. Selection of machinery
and Mine equipment’s (This should include, conveyors
excavating machines e.g. draglines, loaders and
power shovels).
Design of: Underground mine excavation methods,
shaft sinking, mine ventilation systems, drainage systems,
and construction of magazines.
Role of mineral industries in national development with
emphasis on developing countries, especially Nigeria,
Peculiar characteristics of the minerals industries. Variation
in ore grade, non-renewable asset, increases in funding
with increase in depth, wealth conservation. Global
production and consumption patterns of major mineral
commodities. Structures of established mineral
market, supply and demand; mineral pricing. Projecting
and forecasting methods; marketing research.
Mine-legislation’s and the mineral industry: Public and
the mineral act, mineral disposal systems, mineral taxation
policy, conservation and the preservation of the
environment, etc. International bodies related to mineral
industries like OPRC, ITC: their relevance to national
development. International politics and the
minerals industries especially its impact on the developing
nations.
Environmental pollution: definitions, causes and interrelationships.
Gaseous and particulate pollutants
and their sources. Mine atmosphere: detection of mine
gases, physiological effects, inflammation and detonation,
gas layering and diffusion. Dust hazards.
Pollution monitoring and control, methods of controlling
gaseous and particulate pollutants. Mine effluents,
effects on air, surface and ground water, and
land. Spontaneous combustion, acidity, etc. Methods
of effluent treatment. Impact of mining on mine
environs effects on agriculture, surrounding habitats,
etc. Methods of reclamation. Mine drainage: water
recovery and re-cycling.
Overview of operations research. Application of operations
research techniques in mining and mineral processing network analysis, decision theory, queuing
theory, linear programming, replacement theory, critical
path analysis, investment appraisal etc.
Mine valuation concept. Methods of sampling. Ore reserve
calculations and statistical analysis applied to
the valuation of ore deposits. Methods of financial
appraisal and valuation criteria for project selection.
Leases, royalties and taxation: Interest rates, calculation
of depreciation, depletion and increasing costs.
Estimating future costs and profits.
Introduction to Petroleum Engineering: Exploration,
Drilling, Completion and Workover, Production and
Reservoir-Engineering. Origin, migration and accumulation
of oil. Composition of petroleum, state of petroleum.
Types of traps. The Niger delta. Petroleum reservoirs:
Gas-reservoirs, Gas-condensate reservoirs, unsaturated
reservoirs, and oil reservoirs under various
drive mechanisms. Material balance applied to oil
reservoirs. Fluid flow in reservoirs. Well completions.
Types of completions, well tests: production tests and
routine tests. Production testing procedures and equipment
for wildcat and producing wells: Christmas-tree,
pressure, build-up survey, Amarada, well flowing,
choke and arrival manifolds, Heaters, separators,
Monitoring and measuring devices.
Dewatering flocculation and dispersion, theory and
practice of thickening, filtration and drying. Ore sampling
techniques. Communition theory. Criteria for
selection of grinding and screening equipment for mineral
concentration techniques. Selection of mineral concentration
techniques.
Selection of mineral concentration equipment. Design,
testing and evaluation of mineral beneficiation flow
sheets for copper, tin, lead, zinc, iron, gold and other
ores of local importance. Materials handling methods.
Tailings disposal.
The objectives of the course are to draw students’ awareness
to the link between scientific and technological
knowledge and productive capacity. The emphasis will
be on the rational utilization of technology as an economic
resource in Nigeria. Science, technological knowledge
and productive capacity: implications for planning
in a developing country. In-depth of the scientific
infrastructure; structure of science-based industry: vertical
specialization and the role of R and D and innovation.
The acquisition of technology as a resource; its role as
vehicle for monopolistic control; mechanisms of technology
transfer; institutional forms of foreign investment;
bargaining for the acquisition of technological
know-how. Technology of policy: its design and implementation
in Nigeria; the Structure of science and technology.
The sociology of the scientific community.
Basic concept of management. Management structure.
General principles functions and responsibilities of management
under planning, organization directing, controlling
and coordinating. Different forms of business
organizations. Wage systems. Industrial relations. Nigerian
mining laws, Acts and Regulation.
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