AGY 100 EARTH HISTORY ( 2-0-3 3 UNITS)
The geologic time-scale and its methods of measurement. Origin and chemical evolution of atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere;  the history of life from bacteria to man. Concepts of paleoclimate, paleogeography, paleooceanography, paleomagnetism. Basic principles of stratigraphy: - uniformitarianism, superposition, faunal and flora succession. Sedimentation: Principles and processes. Earth’s internal processes: igneous activities and metamorphism. Practical identification of common fossils and rock types. (This course is offered as AGY 101 in Mining Engineering department).
MNE 101 INTRODUCTION TO MINING AND
EARTH SCIENCES (2-0-0 2 UNITS)
Structure and history of the Earth and the solar system. Rocks and minerals: origin, distribution, diagnostic features and classification. Energy and water resources. Introduction to Geophysical prospecting methods. Interpretation of geophysical data. Characteristics of the Earth’s atmosphere. Atmospheric variables and methods of measurement. Weather systems and forecasting. Climate and climatic change. Development of Mining Technology. Stages in the life of a mine. Unit operations in mining. Mining and its
consequences. Government influence and regulations.
AGY 201 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY ( 1-0-3 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 100
Planet Earth: its composition from core to crust. Weathering and other surface processes. Landforms and major earth structures. Interpretation of topographic and simple geologic maps. Deformation processes - joints, faults and folds. Minerals and rocks - origin, distribution, identification and classification. Practical identification of common rock-forming minerals and rocks. CALENDAR 2005 - 2007239
AGY 202 OPTICAL MINERALOGY ( 1-0-3 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 201,
Characteristic properties and propagation of light. The polarising microscope. Principles of optical crystallography, identification of rock-forming minerals in parallel and convergent light under the polarising microscope; introduction to x-ray crystallography.
AGY 203 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND MINERALOGY
( 1-0-3 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: CHE 101, PHY 101, AGY 100
ormation of a crystal; principles of crystal chemistry; crystal state; crystal structure- crystallographic notations; crystal lattice and unit cell; elements of symmetry. Crystal systems, twinning. Systematic of mineralogy; silicate structures. Systematic description, occurrence and uses of common rock forming minerals. Association of minerals in rocks. Physical and optical properties, and identification of common rock forming minerals.
AGY 204 IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY:
( 1-0-3 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 201, AGY 203, CHE 201.
Origin, occurrence, geologic setting and systematic description of igneous rocks. Metamorphism and description of metamorphic rocks; metamorphic minerals and textures of metamorphic rocks.
AGY 206 GEOLOGICAL MAP INTERPRETATION ( 1-0-3 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 201, AGY 203.
Detailed interpretation of topographic and geologic maps; description of deformational structures (e.g. faults, folds, unconformities) and their recognition on maps; Determination of geometric forms of outcrops; interpretation of subsurface data. Three-point problem.
AGY 209 GEOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS I (1-0-3 2
UNITS)
Relevance of geology to engineering. Summary of the structure of the planet earth. Minerals and rocks; the common rock-forming minerals- origin, distribution, identification and classification. External earth processes: weathering; principles, processes and agents.
Erosion and evolution of landforms. Sedimentation; principles and processes. Sedimentary rocks. Basic principles of stratigraphy; the geologic time scale; the importance of fossils. Internal earth processes; igneous processes - plutonic & volcanic; metamorphic processes, metamorphism types; deformation processes, faults and folds. Fundamentals of plate tectonics; earthquakes. Distribution of rocks, minerals and principal geologic features (structures) in Nigeria.
AGY 210 GEOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS II (1-0-3 2
UNITS)
Principles of stratigraphic classification, terminology and correlation. Facies analysis, origin and evolution of sedimentary basins; deformation behaviour of rock materials; rheology in the earth’s crust; fold mechanics; brittle fracture and failure, brittle and ductile shear zones, small-scale geological structures. Crystal defects and dislocations; deformation mechanisms and development of textures and preferred orientation by plastic flow and recrystallization; solution of structural problems by stereographic projection. Geological
exploration of an engineering site - general consideration, preliminary investigation, applied geophysical surveys, drilling, boring, trenching and pitting.
AGY 301 SEDIMENTOLOGY (2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 201, AGY 202, AGY 204.
Origin of sediments and sedimentary rocks, sedimentary processes, quantitative and statistical study of texture; structure and composition of sedimentary rocks, description of sedimentary rocks, study of diagenetic rocesses; recognition of sedimentary environments from rock records. Petrographic study of sedimentary rocks under the polarising microscope.
AGY 302 - INTRODUCTORY GEOCHEMISTRY (2-0-
3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 201, CHE 102, CHE 202.
Abundance, classification and distribution of elements in the cosmic system, lithosphere; hydrosphere and atmosphere; geochemistry of different rock types and mineral deposits; weathering and soil formation, principles and methods of exploration geochemistry and geochemical analysis.
AGY 303 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY ( 2-0-3 3
UNITS)
Pre-requisite:- BIO 101, AGY 201.
Morphology, evolution and identification of major animal phyla, viz: Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Graptolithina, their stratigraphic and paleoecologic distributions. Vertebrates and plant fossils;
trace fossils. Paleobiology: paleontological principles and paleobiologic models, macro- and microevolution. Statistical data analysis of paleontological data. CALENDAR 2005 - 2007
240
AGY 304 STRATIGRAPHY ( 2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 301, AGY303, BIO101.
Concepts of chrono-, litho-, bio-stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and stratotypes Principles of stratigraphic classification, terminology and correlation. Facies analysis, origin and evolution of sedimentary basins; geohistory analysis. Sequence stratigraphy.
AGY 305 IGNEOUS PETROLOGY ( 1-0-3 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 204, CHE 201.
Extrusive and intrusive igneous processes; associations of igneous rocks in space and time; phase equilibra and the genesis of selected igneous rocks. Granitic rocks - classification and petrogenesis. Older and younger granites of Nigeria. Charnockites, kimberlites, serpentinites and carbonatites.
AGY 306 METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY ( 2-0-3 3
UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 203, CHE 201.
Physico-chemical processes in metamorphism, agents and controls of metamorphic processes; metamorphic differentiation. Classification of metamorphic rocks, metamorphic textures. Metamorphic Facies and Facies Series. Facies of contact and regional metamorphism. Retrograde metamorphism, polymetamorphism and Orogeny. The carbonatite problem; eclogites. Evolution of gneisses and migmatites; Anatexis, metasomatism and granitisation.
AGY 307 PRINCIPLES OF REMOTE SENSING AND
G.I.S ( 2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: PHY 103.
Concepts and foundations of Remote Sensing. The electromagnetic spectrum; interaction with earth surface features and atmosphere. Elements of remote sensing platforms and systems. Principles of stereoscopic vision. Principles of aerial photo interpretation; Introduction to non-photographic remote sensing systems. The use of remote sensing in reconnaissance mapping. Basic
principles of geographic information system (GIS) - spatial information, maps and link between remote sensing and GIS. Basic components and functions of GIS - hardwares and softwares. Data sources, data gathering and treatment - original points and line data,
rasters and vector formats. Data integration; overlay concept, multi-temporal data merging, change detection and multi-sensor image merging. Capabilities and applications of GIS; monitoring and management of natural resources and the environment.
AGY 308 HYDROGEOLOGY (2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: IMC 201, PHY 101, AGY 201.
Hydrogeology and hydrology - definition and scope. Hydrological cycle; hydrological properties of rocks. Occurrence and movement of groundwater; groundwater and well hydraulics, fundamental hydrodynamic laws. Hydrometeorology - rainfall, overland flow;
through flow interception etc; Shydrographs; unit hydrograph, theory and the application. Explanation of the basic hydrological equation.
AGY 309 INTRODUCTORY GEOPHYSICS (1-0-3 2
UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY201, IMC 201, 122, PHY 205.
Concepts of electrical potential, current density and conductivity of rocks; Spontaneous potential and electrical resistivity methods; Potential distribution in a homogeneous earth and apparent resistivity: ER field equipment, its use and data interpretation. Gravity and magnetic methods and data interpretation. Case histories. Field demonstrations.
AGY 311 MICROPALEONTOLOGY (1-0-3 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 303.
Morphology, classification, biostratigraphy and geological history of major groups of micro-fossils, especially Foraminifera, Ostracoda and Conodonts. Applied micropaleontology with emphasis on economic and stratigraphic significance.
AGY 312 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY (2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: PHY 101, AGY 204, AGY 206
Stresses and strain analysis; the stress ellipsoid, stress components and trajectories; experimental deformation behaviour of rock materials; rheology in the earth’s crust; fold mechanics; brittle fracture and failure, use of Mohr’s circle; brittle and ductile shear zones, small-scale geological structures. Salt domes and diapirism. Elements of physical metallurgy - crystal defects and dislocations,
work hardened, annealing, recovery, recrystallization; deformation mechanisms and development of textures and preferred orientation by plastic flow and recrystallization, solution of structural problems by stereographic projection.
AGY 313 INTRODUCTORY FIELD MAPPING ( 0-
0-3 1 UNIT)
Pre-requisite: AGY 206
A basic field course involving the fundamentals of field geology and practical field application of topographic and geologic maps. Students will submit report of the general mapping of an area done during the semester for examination.
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AGY 314 EXPLORATION AND MINING GEOLOGY
(2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 312, IMC 122
Definition and scope of mineral exploration. Mode of occurrence and factors controlling ore deposition. Concepts of ore search. Reconnaissance and detailed exploration techniques - geological, geochemical and geophysical. Types of drilling and machinery. Role of geologist in drilling. Ore reserve estimation and classification. Mining and mining methods. Factors controlling the choice of mining methods. Geological mapping and surveying of open-pit and underground mines. Roles of geologist in mining. Introduction to
mineral economics. Mineral rights and mining law.
AGY 315 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY (2-0-0 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 201
Global events during the Quaternary – Glacial and Interglacial periods; marine transgressions and regressions. Climatic changes and shifting climatic belts in the tropics. Mineral deposits in Quaternary environments. Origin of man. The earliest use of rocks and minerals. Quaternary geology of West Africa, with emphasis on Nigeria.
AGY 318 GEOLOGICAL MAPPING TECHNIQUES
(0-0-3 1 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 206, AGY 312, AGY313
This is an intensive comprehensive training in field mapping techniques, lasting a continuous 14 days, in any suitable geological terrain in Nigeria (e.g. Igarra area). Staff and students operate from a field camp throughout the period of the training. Every student
submits a report on the exercise before leaving camp.
AGY 320 INDEPENDENT FIELD MAPPING (0-0-6 2
UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 318
Field mapping training class during the long vacation at the end of the 300 level courses. An independent mapping exercise lasting about 4 weeks in selected parts of Nigeria; Students are supposed to map alone with minimal supervision. A comprehensive geological report on this exercise must be written and submitted at the beginning of the fourth year.
AGY 401 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY I (2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: IMC 201, 122, AGY 204, AGY 312.
Engineering properties of rocks; stress and strain analysis. Concrete aggregates and quarrying techniques; Elements of soil mechanics; laterites, clays and black cotton soils; geological site investigations, foundations; dams; influence of groundwater on engineering structures. Geological aspects of engineering projects - slopes, roads, railroads, dams and reservoirs. Methods of ground improvement - grouting compaction, anchoring, drainage.
AGY 402; AGY 404 & AGY 406 - STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL
WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (0-0-
36 12 UNITS)
CONDITION: Students who have more than one core course still outstanding at the end of the first semester of 400 level will be disallowed from taking part in SIWES. During SIWES, students will be attached to geological and allied organisation for a period of 6 months.
AGY 403 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (2-0-33 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: BIO 101, AGY301, AGY 303,AGY 304,
AGY 312.
The origin, migration and accumulation of petroleum. Source rock characteristics, maturation and destruction of petroleum. Properties of petroleum reservoirs. Subsurface maps. Hydrocarbon traps, abnormal pressure. Exploration methods, evaluation of petroleum potential and reserves. Reserves and basin classification. Drilling and completion of oil and natural gas wells.
Examples of major oil deposits. Oil deposits in Nigeria. Oil and geopolitics.
AGY 405 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY (2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 203, AGY 204, AGY 302, AGY 312.
. Definition of economic minerals and economic mineral deposits. “Ore” and gangue minerals. The role of structure in mineral exploration. Processes of formation of mineral deposits; environments and localization of ore deposits. Wall-rock alteration. Paragenesis and zoning in mineral deposits. Supergene enrichments. Textures of ore deposits. Classification of ore deposit.
Mineral deposits in Nigeria. Identification and uses/ applications of economic minerals
AGY 407 HYDROGEOLOGY II (2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY301, AGY 308, AGY312.
Aquifers and types, groundwater exploration and exploitation techniques; drilling techniques.. Case histories
of basement complex hydrogeology. Applications of geophysical methods in shallow groundwater investigations.
Borehole siting techniques. Hydrogeologic mapping; groundwater development (including springs); hydrogeochemistry water quality using physical, chemical and biological parameters. Effect of groundwater on rocks and soils as construction materials and sites. Environmental hydrogeology.
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AGY 409 EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS (2-0-3 3
UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 309.
Induced polarization and electromagnetic methods, seismic exploration methods - data acquisition, processing and interpretation. Case histories. Field demonstrations.
AGY 413 PALYNOLOGY (1-0-3 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 311
Morphology and classification of pollen and spores; their stratigraphic and paleo-environmental applications. Practical application of the study of palynomorphs, dinoflagellates and nannofossils in Applied Geology. Methods of preparation and study.
AGY 415 CRUSTAL EVOLUTION AND
METALLOGENY (2-0-0 2 UNITS)
Pre- requisite: AGY 304, 312.
The Geological time scale. The Archean; petrology, tectonism, metallogeny and crustal evolution. The Early to Mid-late Proterozoic; basic to ultrabasic intrustions, geosynclines, mineralization, Mid-late proterozoic; basin development, crustal evolution and metallogeny. The Paleozoic petrotectonic evolution of continents from Cambrian to Permian; mineralization associated with
the tectonism. Mesozoic - Cenozoic: The break-up of Pangea; the evolution of new Atlantic Ocean petrotectonic evolution and associated mineralization.
AGY 501 - RESEARCH PROJECT (0-0-18 6 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: 100 - 400 Level courses.
Geologic mapping and independent study of an assigned area followed by laboratory analysis; data interpretation and the preparation of a geologic report.
AGY 503 - EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY (2-0-3
3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 203, 302.
Geochemical cycle. Geochemical environments; distribution of major and trace elements in primary and secondary geochemical environments.dispersion patterns and mobility of elements. False anomaly: description, causes and remedy. Geochemical surveys; sampling media, field operations - sample collection and processing. Surveying techniques, data processing and presentation-
map preparation. Interpretation of data. Geochemical methods in mineral prospecting and exploration. Principles of major and trace elements analysis; preparation of samples and analytical procedures. Case histories of geochemical surveys and of integrated
exploration programmes. The future of geochemistry in mineral exploration.
AGY 504 - ENERGY RESOURCES (2-0-0 2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY403, AGY405.
Introduction to energy resources. Primary resources; External sources, the Earth’s internal heat. Secondary resources. Photosynthesis and fossil fuel, the fossil fuel bank. Global perspective of energy resources, the growth of energy demand, global requirement, and
distribution. Fossil Energy: Coal: its geology - origins, stages of formation, properties and ages, world coal resources,
petroleum, nature, origin and generation. World resources of petroleum. Side effects of fossil fuel conversion. Nuclear Energy: Nuclear reactions and reactors, fuel requirement for reactors; Uranium - geology and geochemistry, its occurrence in pegmatites and magmatic deposits, vein-type deposits e.g. in fissures, fault zones, unconformities etc. Sandstone and quartz pebble conglomerate deposits. Uranium production and economics, its reserves and resources. Side effects of nuclear industry, radioactive waste disposal.
Geothermal Energy: Hyper-thermal resources; zones with low conductive shallow strata, hot rocks. Surface Energy Resources: Solar energy - its thermal collection, photovoltaic conversion, biomass conversion via photosynthesis. Wind energy, hydro-electric
power - its contribution to global power supplies, Tidal power, Wave energy. Energy supply and demand in Nigeria - present and future soenes.
AGY 505 - GEOLOGY OF NIGERIA ( 2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 304, 305, 306.
Major geomorphic and structural elements in Nigeria. The Basement Complex; origin, structure and evolution of early - middle Proterozoic rocks in Nigeria; the Nigerian Schist Belt and problems of Late Proterozoic lithostratigraphy; Schist Belt mineralization; the Pan African Orogeny and the evolution of Older Granites. The Jurassic of Nigeria - Younger granites. Post- Palaeozoic drifts and the emergence of sedimentary basins; stratigraphy and fossil records. A working excursion round the basement complex and sedimentary parts of Nigeria.
AGY 506 - REMOTE SENSING II ( 2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 307, AGY 312.
Review of basic concepts in Remote Sensing; Acquisition of remotely sensed data, image processing and enhancement.
Interpretative techniques; fundamentals of aerial photography interpretation; photogeological mapping. Multi-spectral scanning systems (MSS); Landsat - operation and interpretation of data. Surface thermal properties; interpretation of infra-red
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image. Imaging Radars - techniques and applications, applications of remote sensing techniques to geologic problems; lithologic mapping, structural geology, geomorphology; search for geothermal energy; mineral exploration; engineering geology and hydrogeology. Applications of geographical information system (GIS).
AGY 507 - REGIONAL STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
& GLOBAL TECTONICS (2-0-3 3UNITS)
Pre-requisites: AGY 312.
Analysis of large-scale regional structures; continental drift. Sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics, plate tectonic
regimes in the geologic record; palinspastic reconstruction of fold belts.
AGY 508 - ENGINEERING GEOLOGY II ( 2-0-3 3
UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 401.
Geotechnics and application in Engineering Geology; terrain classification. Application of soil mechanics principles:
water retaining structures, dams, highways, foundation, slope stability, settlement, design of structures. Site Investigations: principles and methods - tunnelling,  drilling and sampling techniques, engineering-geological maps. Erosion problems and materials quality control.
AGY 509 - GEMSTONES TECHNOLOGY (1-0-3 2
UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 203.
Crystal form and habit, Twinning; isomorphism and isomorphous replacement. Determination of specific gravity
and refractive index of crystals. Optical properties. Colours; causes and artificial alteration, diffraction of light. Spectroscopy and absorption spectra. Luminescent and electrical properties. Application of X-rays and ultraviolet light to gem testing. Inclusions and
other internal features. Description of gem minerals; Natural gemstones; colour, chemical composition, crystal system cleavage, hardness, specific gravity, refractive index, pleochroism, lustre, mode of occurrence, sources of different gem varieties and methods of identification. Synthetic and Imitation stones: Synthetic, composite and paste stones; methods of manufacture and identification. Organic Products: Native and cultured pearl; their formation, structure and occurrence. Imitation pearl. Methods of identification. Occurrence and identification of Amber; coral, ivory, tortoise’s shell etc. Fashioning of gemstone: Outline of
methods used by diamond cutters and lapidaries.
AGY 510 SPECIAL TOPICS AND CASE HISTORIES
(0-0-3 1 UNIT)
Pre-requisite: 100 - 400 level courses.
Students will write reports and give seminars on important topics. They could take the form of a review or compilation of data or case histories in any of the fields of geology. Assessment is based on depth of presentation and comprehension of subject matter.
AGY 511 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY (2-0-0 2
UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 201.
Surface and sub-surface environment. Mining activities  and the environment. Pollution and pollutants:- types and sources, hazards and control; Transport and fate of  pollutants in groundwater environment; Geologic hazards: - causes, prediction and control. Environmental impact assessment (EIA).
AGY 512 - INDUSTRIAL ROCKS AND MINERALS
(2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 204, AGY405.
Processes of formation of metallic and non-metallic mineral. Systematic study of economic mineral deposits: ferrous,
non-ferrous and base metals. Precious and radioactive elements. Mineral deposits in Nigeria – metallic and radioactive
minerals; industrial rocks and minerals. Their possible uses in the industry. Basement complex metallogeny -
spatial distribution; prospects for future. Methods of acquisition and exploitation of mineral deposits in Nigeria.
AGY 514 - MARINE GEOLOGY (2-0-3 3 UNITS)
Pre-requisites: AGY 301, AGY 304.
Elements of physical, chemical and biological oceanography; methods of ocean floor sampling and probing; structure and physiography of ocean basins; distribution of marine sediments and mineral resources; beach erosion and coastal management.
AGY 516 REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF AFRICA (2-0-2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite: AGY 305
Geology, structure and evolution of Africa Pre-Cambrian domains and their radiometric ages; development of Phanerozoic interior and coastal basins in Africa with emphasis on Nigeria. Principles of geochronology; Rb/Sr, K/Ar and U/Pb dating methods. Stable
isotopes; Pre-Cambrian geochronology; Pre-Cambrian of Nigeria.